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Active participle
Complete the sentecnes with the right form of the participle.
- (pasigi) la tutan tagon ĉe la plaĝo, vespere mi havis sunbrulon.beforehand → -int-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -eHaving spent the whole day at the beach, I was sunburnt in the evening.
- (fajfi) kanton, ŝi dancis tra la domo kun la ŝvabrilo.at the same time → -ant-
time (while she whistles) → -eWhistling a tune, she danced with the mop around the house.
- (festi) sian naskiĝtagon vespere, ŝi finis laboron pli frue tiun tagon.afterwards → -ont-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -eCelebrating her birthday in the evening, she finished work earlier that day.
- (pentri) la bildon, la fiera infano ĝin montris al sia patrino.beforehand → -int-
time (after he/she had painted it) → -eHaving painted the picture, the proud child showed it to his/her mother.
- (veturi) feriumi la venontan matenon, ni enlitiĝis frue.afterwards → -ont-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -eGoing on holiday the next morning, we went to bed early.
Passive participle
Complete the sentences with particple form.
- (blindigi) de la suno, la veturisto ne vidis la haltŝildon.at the same time → -at-
cause/reason for the actio in the main clause → -eBlinded by the sun, the driver couldn’t see the stop sign.
- (prepari) de la ĉefkuiristo mem, la manĝaĵo estis tre bona.beforehand → -it-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -ePersonally prepared by the chef, the food was very good.
- (kanti) de li, ĉiu kanto sonas mirinde.at the same time → -at-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -eSung by him, every song sounds wonderful.
- (ekzameni) la venontan monaton, ŝi nun studas tage kaj nokte.afterwards → -ot-
cause/reason for the action in the main clause → -eExamined next month, she is studying day and night.
- (naski) en Pollando, ŝi kreskis en Slovakio.beforehand → -it-
1st option: two facts that refer to the person → a
2nd option: the contrast is to be stressed (Although she was born there, …) → -eBorn in Poland, she grew up in Slovakia.
Mixed Participles
Complete the sentences with the right participle form. Decide whether you need the active or passive participle.
- (trinki) litron da akvo, ŝi urĝe serĉis necesejon.She drank and litre of water then she searched → active participle
beforehand → -int-
Reason for action in main clause/anteriority (after) → -eHaving drunk a litre of water, she urgently searched for a toilet.
- (iri) al edziĝfesto, ŝi surmetis sian plej belan robon.She went after putting on her dress → active participle
afterwards → -ont-
Reason for the action in main clause → -eGoing to a wedding (later), she put on her most beautiful dress.
- (parki) en la strato, la aŭto estis hajlodifektita.the car was parked and then damaged → passive participle
beforehand → -it-
Reason for the action in the main clause → -eParked on the street, the car was damaged by hail.
- (rikolti) pomojn de la arbo, li falis de la ŝtupetaro.he was picking apples and fell → active participle
at the same time → -ant-
time (during) → -eHarvesting apples from the tree, he fell off the ladder.
- (veturigi) al lernejo de sia patro, Emilia faris siajn hejmtaskojn en la aŭto.she was being driven and was doing her homework at the same time → passive participle
at the same time → -ant-
time (during) → -eBeing driven to school by her father, Emilia did her homework in the car.
Change the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause.
- Dum ni sunumas ĉe la plaĝo, ni ĝuas la vivon.
→ , ni ĝuas la vivon.simultaneous, active event → -ant-
time (during) → -eSunning ourselves on the beach, we are enjoying life.
- Kiam la knabo estis puriginta siajn dentojn, li povis rigardi televidon.
→ , la knabo povis rigardi televidon.active event in participle clause took place before the event in main clause → -int-
time (after) → -eHaving cleaned his teeth, the boy was allowed to watch TV.
- Kiam la knabino estis portata de sia patro, ŝi estis feliĉa.
→ , la knabino estis feliĉa.simultaneous action, passive in participle clause → -at-
time (while) → -eBeing carried by her father, the little girl was happy.
- Kiam ili trovis la sekretan insulon, ili komencis serĉi la trezoron.
→ , ili komencis serĉi la trezoron.active event in particple clause took place before the event in main clause → -int-
time (after) → -eHaving found the secret island, they began to look for the treasure.
- Ĉar ŝi estas instruata hejme de siaj gepatroj, ŝi ne iras al lernejo.
→ , ŝi ne iras al lernejo.simultaneous action, passive in participle clause → -at-
reason for the action in main clause → -eTaught at home by her parents, she doesn’t go to school.
